The essential requirement of nanoparticles for biological applications is that nanoparticles should efficiently traverse the cell membrane, which is most likely via endocytosis, pinocytosis or fusion-like mechanism.

We elucidate the uptake mechanism, intracellular fate, and endocytosis-exocytosis pathway to provide critical information for the rational development of nano -bio materials.

Some nanoparticles cause cell death, oxidative stress, inflammation response, and etc. We investigate intracellular signaling mechanism responsible for toxicity, together with genomic and proteomic approaches to provide mechanistic understanding of toxicological process of nanomaterials.